BIOMARCADORES E EXAMES DE IMAGEM NO DIAGNÓSTICO DE ESCLEROSE MÚLTIPLA: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DA LITERATURA

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disabling disease of the central nervous system, considering symptoms common to other demyelinating pathologies, imaging tests and biomarkers have a great contribution to the rapidity of the diagnosis of MS. OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the use of biomarkers and imaging tests in the diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis. METHODS: In the Lilacs and Medline databases, articles from the year 2020 and 2021 were selected, using "Multiple Sclerosis", "Diagnostics" and "Immunology" as descriptors. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The 2017 McDonald's Criteria are the most used for this purpose, as it consists of the analysis of various clinical and image data, used together with the CSF analysis with the search for specific markers. Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is considered an important form of diagnosis when clinical and imaging evidence are insufficient to confirm the pathology. Skull and Spine MRI is the main imaging tool. However, some criteria present divergences, according to the MAGNIMS consensus, in MS a single periventricular lesion was not enough to define a demyelinating condition. The McDonald 2017 criteria concluded that the improvement in specificity is comparable to that achieved when spread in space (DIS) and spread in time (DIT) combined, and did not justify the complexity that would arise from assigning different numbers of lesions to different regions. CONCLUSION: Faced with the diagnostic difficulty of MS, this study analyzes biomarkers and imaging tests in order to provide an earlier diagnosis.
KEYWORDS: Multiple Sclerosis; Magnetic Resonance; Biomarkers