ACUTE TOXICOLOGICAL AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EVALUATION OF Sida santaremnensis H. Monteiro (Malvaceae)

Abstract

Considering the potential application of the ethanolic extract (Ssan-EtOH) of Sida santaremensis H. Monteiro (Malvaceae) in studies with an emphasis on the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, this article aims to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo acute toxicological profile of Ssan-EtOH and its anti-inflammatory activity. In this sense, the acute toxicity was evaluated in vitro through cytotoxicity by MTT, in vivo in male Wistar rats treated with Ssan-EtOH in oral doses, up to a maximum of 2000 mg/kg and the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated through edema tests. It was observed for Ssan-EtOH CC₅₀ of 14.45 μg/mL indicating high cytotoxicity for murine macrophages. In vivo, no deaths or changes in clinical and behavioral parameters were observed. The weight gain curve and serum biochemical parameters, as well as the macroscopic and histopathological evaluations of the organs did not show alterations when compared to the control group. Thus, the presence of cellular cytotoxicity and the absence of acute toxicity in vivo observed for Ssan-EtOH demonstrate an acceptable safety profile for acute studies in animal models aiming to investigate the pharmacological, biotechnological and therapeutic potentials, but with necessary caution, evidencing the need for studies related to chronic toxicity. As for the anti-inflammatory evaluation, it was observed that Ssan-EtOH has anti-edematogenic activity evidenced in models of ear and paw edema, having active principles responsible for the anti-edematogenic activity, requiring studies to evaluate the possible mechanisms involved.