ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN CAUSES OF MATERNAL MORTALITY IN BRAZIL FROM 2018 TO 2022: DETERMINANT FACTORS AND PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS

Abstract

This study investigated the main causes of maternal mortality in Brazil between 2018 and 2022, focusing on determinant factors and their implications for public health. Using secondary data from official sources, a quantitative analysis was conducted to identify maternal mortality patterns and associated risk factors. Direct causes, such as obstetric complications and hemorrhages, remain the most prevalent, followed by indirect causes, including pre-existing diseases exacerbated by pregnancy. The analysis also revealed significant differences between regions of the country, with the North and Northeast regions showing higher maternal mortality rates compared to the South and Southeast. Socioeconomic factors, such as low education levels and limited access to healthcare services, were identified as important aggravating factors. The most affected women are those in socially vulnerable situations, particularly non-white women with lower education levels and lack of access to quality healthcare. Despite some improvements in health policies, the data indicate an urgent need for more targeted and equitable actions to reduce maternal mortality in the country. Expanding maternal health coverage, with a focus on prevention and timely access to emergency services, is crucial to reversing this scenario. The study concludes that efforts to reduce maternal mortality must be continuous and integrated, addressing not only direct causes but also social and regional inequalities.