EFEITO DOS RECEPTORES DE ESTROGÊNIO SOBRE O METABOLISMO ENERGÉTICO E A ADIPOSIDADE

Abstract

Obesity results from an imbalance between dietary energy intake and energy expenditure. Obesity and its comorbidities are different between men and women. The underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown, but research suggests that ovarian hormones may play a significant role in this process. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the influence of estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ and GPER) expression in adipose tissue in situations of greater susceptibility to cardiometabolic problems, such as postmenopausal women. This is an integrative review in which publications from the last five years specific to the theme were sought, selected, and analyzed. Studies have shown that estrogen is protective against obesity, because when it is reduced, weight gain, reduced energy expenditure, insulin resistance and a higher level of obesity arise. The alpha-type estrogen receptor exerts its most protective function in animal models, and the beta-type assumes a greater role at low concentrations of estrogen. The GPER type can also be of therapeutic potential, as it stimulates energy expenditure. Thus, estrogen levels are inversely proportional to fat mass in postmenopausal women. It also became clear that these sex hormones play a critical role in the sex differences observed in obesity-induced myeloid inflammation with metabolic dysfunction.