Use of noninvasive techniques for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: a systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.16891/2317-434X.v12.e4.a2024.pp4995-5007Keywords:
Early Diagnosis, Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures, Systematic ReviewAbstract
Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a group of cardiovascular risk factors associated with insulin resistance and is driven by underlying factors, including visceral obesity, systemic inflammation, and cellular dysfunction. The prevalence of this condition among children and adolescents has increased considerably in the last four decades. Thus, the use of noninvasive diagnostic techniques may allow early interventions in this population, preventing the development of cardiovascular or metabolic impairments in adulthood. Objective: To describe the main noninvasive techniques developed for the diagnosis of MS in children and adolescents in the last 10 years, evaluating the usability and efficacy of such methods to achieve this goal. Methods: This systematic review of the literature was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. The searches were conducted in the Pubmed, Lilacs, Cochrane, and Embase databases between May and June 2024. Results: Of the 492 studies identified, 5 were selected for inclusion in this review. The specificity and sensitivity, when available, of different non-invasive methods described by the studies ranged from 85% to 97.5% and from 63% to 100%, respectively. Conclusion: Noninvasive methods have been shown to be effective in detecting MS in children and adolescents, reducing the need for blood tests and early intervention in this population, in addition to preventing the development of cardiovascular or metabolic complications.