CHALLENGES AND IMPLICATIONS OF LEPROSY-HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS COINFECTION: CASE REPORT IN MARANHÃO

Abstract

This study investigated the association between leprosy and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The reported case involves a 36-year-old woman who presented with a hypochromic lesion on her back. During the evaluation, the team applied a Simplified Neurological Assessment Form, finding nasal obstruction, pain upon palpating the radial and ulnar nerves bilaterally, and involvement of three nerves. Treatment for leprosy (PQT – 12 months) was initiated with supervised doses. The patient, HIV positive, did not inform the medical team of her diagnosis. Later, she sought emergency care due to significant weight loss, fever, epigastralgia, and hematochezia, leading to hospitalization and subsequent deterioration, resulting in her death. The leprosy-HIV coinfection can result in a severe clinical picture, impacting prognosis even with appropriate leprosy treatment. This case underscores the importance of an integrated approach for early diagnosis and effective treatment, as well as combating stigma to prevent fatal outcomes.