ESQUEMAS INICIAIS DESADAPTATIVOS E MODOS ESQUEMÁTICOS EM INDIVÍDUOS EM TRATAMENTO POR TRANSTORNOS POR USO DE SUBSTÂNCIAS

Abstract

Schema Therapy is an integrative therapeutic approach used successfully in various clinical populations, including those affected by various mental disorders, such as Substance Use Disorder, with positive results documented in a variety of studies. In this context, two concepts are fundamental: Initial Maladaptive Schemas and Schematic Modes.  Thus, the objective of this study was to identify the Initial Maladaptive Schemas and Schematic Modes of users undergoing treatment for Substance Use Disorder. The study involved 202 individuals, aged between 18 and 65, hospitalized for treatment for the use of psychoactive substances. The instruments used included a sociodemographic data sheet, the Alcohol Smoking And Substance Involvement Screening Test, the Young Schema Questionnaire in reduced form, and the Schematic Modes Inventory. The results showed that 38.1% of individuals were over 40 years old, mostly men (94.6%), single (85.6%), from Class D-E (53%) with elementary education (52%) . The most significant schema means were: Inflexible Standards (4.37±0.90), Emotional Inhibition (4.24±0.88), Social Isolation/Alienation (4.14±0.92), Distrust/Abuse ( 4.16±0.94), Abandonment/Instability (4.00±1.11), and Emotional Deprivation (4.04±1.01). As for Schematic Modes, there was a greater predominance of Disconnected Protective (4.70±0.77), Hypercompensatory (4.46±0.98), Impulsive Child (4.14±0.71), Critical and Punitive Parents ( 4.06±0.76), and Vulnerable Child (4.02±0.83). Given these results, it is possible to conclude that identifying Initial Maladaptive Schemas and Schematic Modes is fundamental to understanding the dynamics of these constructs and ensuring more effective future interventions for the treatment of individuals with Substance Use Disorder.

Keywords: Abuse of Psychoactive Substances; Coping Strategies; Schema Therapy.