CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS IN ADDRESSING GASTROSCHISIS IN TOCANTINS: THE IMPORTANCE OF PRENATAL CARE AND PUBLIC AWARENESS

Abstract

Congenital anomalies are structural or functional alterations that arise during pregnancy, potentially affecting various organs and systems, as in the case of gastroschisis. This condition is characterized by a defect in the abdominal wall, where abdominal organs, mainly the intestines, are exposed to amniotic fluid, causing inflammation and a potential risk of necrosis and obstruction. This analytical and quantitative epidemiological study investigates the prevalence and associated factors of gastroschisis in the state of Tocantins, Brazil, between 2015 and 2023, with an emphasis on prenatal care. The aim is to identify the challenges in managing this congenital anomaly, raise public awareness about gastroschisis, and highlight the importance of prenatal care. When analyzing gastroschisis cases in Tocantins, the Capim Dourado microregion had the highest number of recorded cases in 2015, 2018, and 2022, with 6 cases in 2018. In contrast, other regions showed fluctuating numbers, such as the Bico do Papagaio region, which experienced an increase of 3 new cases in the last two years (2022-2023). Furthermore, another notable finding was the significant concentration of cases among adolescent pregnant women. Mothers aged 15 to 19 years accounted for the highest number of cases, followed by those aged 20 to 24 years. Thus, gastroschisis emerges as a condition requiring special attention, particularly in more vulnerable regions and younger populations, making it necessary to strengthen health policies, sexual education, and environmental prevention measures.