NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND ASSOCIATED COMPLICATIONS OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCETS WITH CHRONIC NON-PROGRESIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Chronic Non-Progressive Encephalopathy (CNPE) is characterized by non-progressive motor disorders resulting from permanent brain damage that affects movement, posture, and balance. Patients with CNPE face significant feeding challenges, including oropharyngeal dysphagia, aspiration pneumonia, constipation, and gastroesophageal reflux. The present study aims to review the literature on nutritional status and feeding difficulties in children and adolescents with CNPE. The present study is a literature review conducted between August and December 2024. In general, studies highlight the high prevalence of malnutrition and feeding-related complications. Malnutrition in children and adolescents with CNPE is a multifactorial problem influenced by socioeconomic, dietary, clinical, and behavioral aspects. It was also observed in our study that family and socioeconomic issues influence the nutritional status of children with cerebral palsy. Low family income proved to be a determining factor, since it limits access to nutritious and diversified foods. The results of the studies analyzed reinforce the importance of continuous monitoring of nutritional status and implementation of individualized strategies, including the choice of the most appropriate feeding route. This literature review allowed us to deepen our understanding of the nutritional status and complications associated with feeding in children and adolescents with NPCE. Given this evidence, the importance of continuous, multidisciplinary nutritional monitoring adapted to the individual needs of children with CP is reinforced.